ï‚§ Map:
ï‚§ A scaled, simplified and symbolized representation of whole or part of earth via the
method of projection.
ï‚§ All maps are falsified (distorted) representation of reality, but good maps are those
where falsification is purposeful and meaningful
ï‚§ Cartography:
ï‚§ The art and science of map making
ï‚§ Topography:
ï‚§ Representation of land form and the features on land surface
ï‚§ Topographic map:
ï‚§ A 2-D representation of the earth's 3D landscape, where details of topography, artificial
and natural features are accurately represented
ï‚§ Extremely important for planning and implementing engineering and development
projects
ï‚§ It shows natural features like waterbodies, streams, ridges, forests, hills, mountains etc
ï‚§ Mand-made features like road network, utility lines, various types of religious and
functional buildings etc
ï‚§ Additional information like place and feature names
ï‚§ Topography is represented with the help of contours
ï‚§ Base map
ï‚§ a map showing features of different themes and thus serves as a base to derive various
thematic maps
ï‚§ Topographic maps of Nepal:
 Prepared by the Survey Deparment (SD) of Nepal—the only National Mapping
Organization (NMO)
ï‚§ Scale of 1:25K, 1:50K